Permanent waving device



Dec. 5, 1939. D. LAKENBACH 2,132,636

PERMANENT WAVING DEVICE Filed Feb. 2, 1939 INVENTOR Jim/4'4 Z IKE/ 1340M ATTORNEYS Patented Dec. 5, 1939 t K 2,1

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,182,636 PERMANENT WAVING DEVICE Daniel Lakenbach, Norwich, Conn. Application February 2, 1939, Serial No. 254,217 16 Claims. (01. 132-362) The invention relates to devices used in the termine not only the amount of steaming time art of imparting a wave or curls to human hair, necessary, but the strength of the solution which which art is commonly referred to as permanent is to be applied to the hair to secure the amount waving. More particularly, the inventionrelates and degree of heat which will give the best reto a sachet or similar device employed in that sults. The practice in accordance with the prior 5 branch of the art in which the permanent waving art has been to supply the hairdresser with three is accomplished without the use of electricity, difierent strengths of solution, the hairdresser beheating elements, and cumbersome associated ing advised to use a particular solution for a parapparatus, tic-ular type of hair. The strength of solution de- In the art of permanent waving, without the termines the amount and degree of the heat de- 10 use of electricity, the heat necessary for impartveIoped-by the exothermic reaction, which amount ing the wave or curls to the human hair is ob and degree of heat, however, are always approxitained by a device, generally a pad, which commately the same. As even the provision of these prises an envelope attached to a backing of alumlthree specific strengths of solution is at best an num foil, the envelope containing a mixture of attempt at providing an average strength of solu- 15 certain chemicals and being provided with a plution for the diiierent types of hair, absolutely rality of perforations, a strip of flannel or felt pr per r s l s re generally secured only by acbeing saturated with a solution or lotion and cident. I then placed over the surface of the envelope so n o dan w t m in n, I pr vide that the moisture from the flannel or felt strip a Permanent Waving device, constituting a ac t, may seep through the perforations and come into which eliminates the manifold disadvantages of contactwith the chemical mixture, resulting in the devices of the Prior a an exothermic reaction between the chemicals In ts bro dest aspect, my invention comprises and solution and in the development of an amount a p rmanent wav n a h nstituted of a sp of heat and a degree of temperature sufi'icieht to c a y o s e paper envelope containing t e 25 impart a permanent wave to the hair whi h has powdered chemicals which are to enter into chembeen curled upon a, rod and enveloped by the pad, ical reaction with re solution t0 be applied T am u t of heat thus developed i usually thereto, to produce the amount and degree of heat of a degree of temperature, slightly above the boilnecessary for creating a permanent wave which ing point of water, which temperature is mains most suitable to the particular texture of hair 30 tained during the course of the chemical reacd the ty e f WP-VB desired- The P a y 0 tion for approximately five minutes. ject of my-invention is to provide a permanent A disadvantage of the prior art applicance con- Waving sachet Which Will produce, as desired, a stituting the sachet resides in the fact that it plurality of difierent amounts d de ees of necessitates; the use of at least three difierent heat secured by the use of a sin l t n Or 501 35 types and concentration of solution. Ordinary tion of a particular strength or concentration. human hair may be generally classified, with re- A further object of the invention is to provide a spect to its texture and therefore the amount construction of sachet and a composition of the and degree of heat required to impart a perma,- ingredients designed to enter into the exothermic texture. In addition to these three specific types, the same time prevent steam from escaping from the amount and degree of heat necessarily applied e pad in a y amount W ch might cause burns, thereto is likewise governed by the condition of the chemical reaction in the sachet, by reason of the hair with respect to prior treatments given he presen f a particular en being such 45 thereto, for instance, bleaching. A further difhat the steam is produced gradually and unificulty arises by reason of the fact that certain o lytypes of hair, in order to give a pleasing appear- A further object of my invention is to provide ance, or to suit the particular complexion of the a permanent waving sachet of a construction patron, must have imparted thereto a particular which enables the operator to replenish the sup- 50 type of wave which may be broadly classified as ply of solution to the chemical ingredients within loose or tight, or small or large. It is only by long the sachet from time to time in an amount sufexperience and a systematic course of education ficient to regenerate the exothermic reaction by the manufacturers of the permanent waving so as to bring the heat, falling as the chemical devices that the average hairdresser is able to dereaction takes place, again to its maximum point 55 and to maintain such maximum point and therefore the amount and degree of heat for a further steaming period. A specific feature of my novel permanent-waving sachet resides in the provision of means enabling the operator to supply such additional amount of solution to the pad and to supply it in such a manner as to be most effective in raising the temperature to the desired degree, irrespective of the particular position of the pad upon the head, for instance, whether the pad and associated appurtenances, such as the protector and curling rod, is upon the top of the head, the side of the head, or near the nape of the neck, in each of which positions it lies at a different angle to the vertical.

Further objects of my invention will be evident to those skilled in the art. For instance, the chemical-containing envelope of my sachet is so constructed that the powdered chemicals cannot sift out. In accordance with my invention also, I provide a novel type of spring clip which, when applied to the curling rod upon which the tress of hair has been wound, will rest upon the surface of the protector, the resiliency of the spring clamp being sufficient to hold the sachet tightly around the curling rod so as to eliminate the possibility of any steam escaping.

A particular embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a plan view of a conventional type of curling rod, with a tress of hair wound thereon, in position upon the surface of a clamping device or protector, with a tightening handle inserted into the end of the curling rod to effect a tightening of the hair wound thereon; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the device of Fig. 1, with the exception of the tightening handle, with my novel permanent waving sachet and spring olamp applied thereto; Fig. 3 is a front view of the devices showing the application of a replenishing supply of solution to the envelope, through an aperture in the backing sheet of the sachet; Figs. 4 and 5 are plan and sectional views, respectively, of the pad; and Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the spring clip constructed in accordance with my invention.

Referring more particularly to the drawing, in which similar reference characters identify similar parts in the several views, Ill and II designate the two clamping elements of the conventional protector, which are pivotally connected by link l2. The curling rod l3, conventional in construction, having a gripping clip I4, is secured upon the upstanding flanges l5 and I6 of the protector in well known fashion, the curling rod being rotatable by the tightening handle and rod l'l. Beneath the protector is a felt conventional form and function.

The elements just described form no part of my present invention, and are, therefore, not described in greater detail.

My novel permenant waving sachet is constituted of an envelope l9 made of a paper which is water-absorbent and yet as strong, if not stronger, when wet than when its is dry. Such paper is available on the market in the familiar form used for paper toweling. The envelope is formed with two end flaps 20 and 2| and contains the mixture of ingredients which is to enter into the exothermic reaction with the lotion, the envelope being adhesively secured on a gummed sheet of paper or aluminum foil 22 of a length approximating'the length of the protector and of a width sufficient to completely embrace the curling rod 13 and the tress of hair 23 wound thereon, with the two longitudinal edge portions of the pad ill, of

sheet orstrip lying along the edges of the protector when the sachet is placed in position, as shown in Figs. 2gand 3.

The envelope for application to the particular elements shown in the drawing is approximately 2 inches long and 1 inches wide, the paper or aluminum foil backing 22 being 2% inches long and 2 inches wide, leaving the free longitudinal edges of approximately A, of an inch in width on either side of the envelope secured thereto.

Approximately centrally of the gummed paper or aluminum foil 22, I provide an aperture 24 of approximately diamond shape. The size of the aperture in the particular embodiment illustrated in the drawing is approximately 1 inch lengthwise from apex to apex, and of an inch crosswise from apex to apex. The aperture, however,

may be of a size approximately by of an inch.

The permanent waving sachet as thus'constituted, and in which is contained a mixture of the ingredients 25, is first dipped into a solution for a few seconds until the envelope becomes well saturated, no squeezing thereof, to remove excess moisture, being necessary, and is applied to the tress of hair wound upon the curling rod by curving the same along its longitudinal center line, with the diamond-shaped aperture extending upwardly, as shown in Fig. 3. The width of the sachet is suchthat the two longitudinal edges thereof, when applied to the curler, rest upon the protector. the sachet so as to have the end loops 21 and 28 thereof straddle the sachet, the longitudinal portions of the spring clip being efiective to firmly hold the sachet in close contact with the curling rod and the protector,

In accordance with my invention, and by using a permanent waving sachet as hereinabove described, I am enabled to control and obtain different amounts and degrees of heat, developed by the exothermic reaction, such different heats, with respect to amount and temperature, being as many in number as three or four, all by using the same strength and concentration of solution.

The procedure for accomplishing these results is as follows:

The sachet is first dipped entirely into the solution for a few seconds, sufficient to completely saturate it. The sachet is then applied to the wound tress of hair as hereinabove described, when the heat will be found to come very gradually up to approximately 104 C., which temperature it will hold for exactly six minutes. At the expiration of such six-minute period, when the heat commences to decline, there are added a few drops of the solution, for instance by an ordinary eye-dropper, such as illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. 3, the drops of solution being applied .to the body of the envelope exposed by the aperture 24 in the backing sheet. The effect of these few drops of solution is to bring the degree of heat again up to approximately 104 C. for three minutes. After the expiration of such: additional three-minute period, there may again be applied a few drops of the solution to the exposed surface of the envelope, the heat rising again to the proper steaming temperature for approximately three more minutes.

The spring clip 26 is then applied to for the particular texture of hair and type of wave. For a medium quality of hair, the same procedure is followed, but after the first six minutes of steaming, there should be applied five or six drops of solution to the exposed surface of the envelope, bringing the heat produced by the exothermic reaction up to slightly above the boiling point for an additional three minutes.' The necessfiy heating time of nine, minutes for the particular texture of hair is thus attained. For

' a very fine texture of hair, the procedure is repeated with an additional three-minute steaming period obtained by the addition of five or six diiferent positions upon the head, some being positioned upon the crown of the head, some along the areas adjacent the crown, and some in the areas immediately above the nape of the neck. These various positions of the protector and curling rod present different angularities of the surface of the sachet to the vertical. If then, the additional drops of solution, in accordance with my invention, are to be applied to the area of the envelope exposed by the aperture, the drops of solution should be applied at such points within the exposed area where it will most easily penetrate and be absorbed by the envelope. Thus, when the sachet is upon the crown of the head, the drops of solution should be applied at approximately the center of the exposed area of the envelope. If, however, the sachet is at an angle, for instance when applied to an area removed from the crown of the head, the drops should preferably be applied a little to one side of the center of the exposed area so that such drops will be readily absorbed by the envelope material,

By forming the aperture 24 in substantially diamond shape, the operator is enabled to apply the drops of solution either at the center of the exposed area or at any apex thereof so as to secure the rapid absorption of the solution and preclude the possibility of the drops of solution rolling off the curved sachet before they have had a chance to be absorbed by the paper material. Obviously, while I have illustrated and described the aperture as of substantially diamond shape, any similar shape would give substantially equally good results. even a circular aperture could be used if the operator is careful to apply the drops of solution at the proper point near the periphery of the circular aperture, i. e. at a point which is substantially the highest in the particular position of the protector and curling rod upon the head.

Coming now to another feature of my invention, the prior art methods of using a so-called chemical pad necessitated the use of an extra piece of flannel or absorbent paper with the sachet so that the solution and the mixture of chemicals contained in them do not enter into their chemical reaction so suddenly as to produce a sudden and violent steaming. The function of such extra piece of flannel or absorbent paper has been to absorb the moisture from the For instance,

solution and to gradually give it up to the mixture of chemicals so as to produce a gradually progressing chemical reaction.

In accordance with my invention, I provide for the retention than, means of apiece of flannel or absorbent paper outside of the pad. In accordance with this feature of my invention, I add to the powdered chemicals contained within the envelope approximately 10% by weight of wood flour. This amount of wood flour is effective to absorb the moisture from the solution and will produce a chemical reaction which automatically and uniformly progresses as the wood flour releases the moisture into the powdered in which it is incorporated. The wood flour also burns due to a violent chemical reaction, the wood flour permitting the development of the steam gradually and uniformly.

While I have described a specific embodiment of my invention, obviously various changes therein, particularly in the size, configuration and respective disposition of the various ele ments thereof may be made without departing from my invention. Likewise, while I have specified wood flour as the particular ingredient which properties making them suitable for the purpose of effecting the same I claim:

' l. A sachet for permanent waving without the use of electricity, comprising an envelope of soft, pliable, absorbent material containing a mixture of chemicals adapted to enter into exothermic through such aperture.

3. A sachet for permanent waving without the use of electricity, comprising an envelope of soft, pliable, absorbent material containing a on each side of the envelope, said backing sheet having an aperture approximately .in the, center of the backing sheet and through which drops of mixture of chemicals permanent waving solution may be applied to 4 amasseuse of electricity, comprising an envelope of soft,

'5 pliable absorbent material containing a mixture of chemicalsadapted to enter into exothermic reaction with a solution, a backing sheet for said envelope of substantially the same length as the envelope but of greater width so as to provide 10 two longitudinally extending edge areas on each side of the envelope, said backing sheet having an aperture of substantially diamond shape positioned approximately in the center of the backing sheet and through which drops of permanent waving solution may be applied to the surface of the envelope exposed through such aperture.

5. A sachet for permanent waving as claimed in claim 1, in which the aperture of the backing sheet is of a configuration permitting the appli- 2o cation of drops of solution to the surface of the envelope exposed by the aperture in such manner as to have such solution absorbed by the'pad irrespective of the position of the pad upon the head.

25 6. A sachet for permanent waving as claimed in claim 4, in which the aperture of the backing sheet is of a configuration permitting the application of drops of solution to the surface of the envelope exposed by the aperture in such manner 80 as to have such solution absorbed by the pad irrespective of the position of the pad upon the head.

7. A sachet for permanent waving without the use of electricity, comprising an envelope formed 35 of a soft, pliable, absorbent material having two closure flaps, a backing sheet of gummed paper wider than the width of said envelope and having said envelope adhesively secured thereto, said backing sheet being provided with an aperture 40 approximately at the center of the pad.

8. A sachet for permanent waving without the use of electricity, comprising an envelope formed of a soft, pliable, absorbent material having two closure flaps, each provided with an adhesive, a

45 backing sheet wider than the width of said envelope and having said envelope adhesively secured thereto, said backing sheet being provided with an aperture approximately at the center of the pad.

60 9. A sachet for permanent waving without the use of electricity, comprising an envelope formed of a soft, pliable, absorbent material having two closure flaps, a backing sheet wider than the width of said envelope and having saidenvelope adhesively secured thereto, said backing sheet being provided with a substantially diamondshaped aperture approximately at the center of the pad.

60 10. A device for permanent waving hair by the exothermic reaction of chemicals, comprising in combination a protector clamp, a curling rod adapted to have a tress of hair wound thereon, a sachet comprising an envelope of soft, pliable,

65 absorbent material containing a mixture of chemicals adapted to enter into exothermic reaction with a solution, a backing sheet for said envelope having an aperture positioned approximately in the center of the backing sheet, and means for 70 securing said sachet in curved position about the curling rod so as to have the edges of the backing sheet in close contact with the protector clamp, said means permitting the application through said aperture in the backing sheet, to the 75 envelope, of drops of permanent waving solution periodically as the exothermic reaction in the envelope progresses.

11. A device for permanent waving hair by the exothermic reaction of chemicals, comprising in combination a protector clamp, a curling rod 5 adapted to have a tress of hair wound thereon, a sachet comprising an envelope of soft, pliable, absorbent material containing a mixture of chemicals adapted to enter into exothermic reaction with a solution, a backing sheet for said envelope having an aperture of substantially diamond shape positioned approximately in the center of the backing sheet, and means for securing "said sachet in curved position about the curling rod so as to have the edges of the Backing sheet .15 in close contact with the protector clamp, said means permitting the application through said aperture in the backing sheet, to the envelope,

of drops of permanent waving solution periodically' as the exothermic reaction in the envelope '20 progresses.

12. A device for permanent waving hair by the exothermic reaction of chemicals, comprising in combination a protector clamp, a curling rod adapted to have a tress of hair wound thereon, a sachet comprising an envelope of soft, pliable, absorbent material containing a mixture of chemicals adapted to enter into exothermic reaction with a solution, a backing sheet for said envelope of substantially the same length as the envelope but of greater width so as to provide'two longitudinally extending edge areas on each side of the envelope, said backing sheet having an aperture of substantially diamond shape positioned approximately in the center of the backing sheet, and means for securing said sachet in curved position about the curling rod so as to have the edges of the backing sheet in close contact with the protector clamp, said means permitting the application through said aperture in the backing 4o sheet, to the envelope, of drops of permanent waving solution periodically as the exothermic reaction in the envelope progresses.

13. A sachet for permanent waving without the use of electricity comprising an envelope of a soft, pliable material containing a mixture of chemicals adapted to enter into exothermic reaction with a solution and approximately 10% by weight of wood flour.

14 A sachet for permanent waving without the use of electricity, comprising an envelope of a soft, pliable material containing a mixture of chemicals adapted to enter into exothermic reaction with a solution and approximately 10% by weight of a material which will absorb a quantity of permanent waving solution and release the same gradually and uniformly to the chemical mixture, for the gradual and uniform development of an exothermic reaction between such chemical mixture and the permanent waving solutionr 15. A sachet for-permanent waving without the use of electricity, comprising an envelope of a soft, pliable material containing a mixture of chemicals adapted to enter into exothermic reaction with a solution and approximately 10% by weight of a material which will absorb a quantity of moisture applied to the envelope and release the same gradually and uniformly to the chemical mixture for the gradual and uniform development of an exothermic reaction of the chemicals contained in the envelope.

16. A device for permanent waving hair by the exothermic reaction of chemicals, comprising in combination a protector clamp, a curling rod curved position about the curling rod so as to have the edges of the backing sheet in close contact with the protector clamp, said means permitting the application through said aperture in the backing sheet, to the envelope, of drops of permanent waving solution periodically as the exothermic reaction in the envelope progresses.

DANIEL LAKENBACH. 

